Thus, the research question gives a preview of the different parts and variables of the study meant to address the problem posed in the research question. The answer is written in length in the discussion section of the paper. Examples from the authors and peer-reviewed scientific articles in the healthcare field are provided to illustrate key points.ĭEFINITIONS AND RELATIONSHIP OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESESĪ research question is what a study aims to answer after data analysis and interpretation. ![]() This article then aims to discuss in detail the various aspects of crafting research questions and hypotheses, with the goal of guiding researchers as they develop their own. Carefully formulated research questions and hypotheses define well-founded objectives, which in turn determine the appropriate design, course, and outcome of the study. 1 When research questions and hypotheses are not carefully thought of, unethical studies and poor outcomes usually ensue. There is a continuing need to support researchers in the creation of innovative research questions and hypotheses, as well as for journal articles that carefully review these elements. Planning and careful consideration are needed when developing quantitative or qualitative research, particularly when conceptualizing research questions and hypotheses. 7 However, these crucial elements of research are sometimes overlooked if not overlooked, then framed without the forethought and meticulous attention it needs. It is crucial to have knowledge of both quantitative and qualitative research 2 as both types of research involve writing research questions and hypotheses. 3, 4 Both research questions and hypotheses are essentially formulated based on conventional theories and real-world processes, which allow the inception of novel studies and the ethical testing of ideas. 1, 2 The hypotheses provide directions to guide the study, solutions, explanations, and expected results. Scientific research is usually initiated by posing evidenced-based research questions which are then explicitly restated as hypotheses. Studies developed from good research questions and hypotheses will have trustworthy outcomes with wide-ranging social and health implications. Thus, research questions and hypotheses clarify the main purpose and specific objectives of the study, which in turn dictate the design of the study, its direction, and outcome. These specify the possible results that may or may not be expected regarding the relationship between groups. ![]() Hypotheses are more formal predictions about the research outcomes. These questions must be specific and concise to provide a clear foundation for developing hypotheses. Initially, research questions may be written as descriptive questions which could be developed into inferential questions. ![]() ![]() Excellent research questions are focused and require a comprehensive literature search and in-depth understanding of the problem being investigated. The development of research questions is a process based on knowledge of current trends, cutting-edge studies, and technological advances in the research field. Consequently, these objectives determine the study design and research outcome. The development of research questions and the subsequent hypotheses are prerequisites to defining the main research purpose and specific objectives of a study.
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